Casting & Race, Part 2.5: A Representative Interlude

by Guest Contributor J Chang, originally published at Init_MovingPictures

While it’s still relatively new news, I thought I’d tackle this brief article from Variety republishing the Screen Actor’s Guild annual diversity research. While the headline of the article reads “SAG stats: Diversity lags” and the byline mentions that minorities, seniors and women are underrepresented, the racial breakdown in the article shows the following:

  • 72.5% Caucasian
  • 13.3% African American
  • 6.4% Latino-Hispanic (?)
  • 3.8% Asian-Pacific Islander
  • 0.3% Native American
  • 3.8% Other-Unknown

The article then goes on and adds data from the 2000 US Census, probably as a point of comparison:

  • 73.4% Caucasian
  • 11.5% African American
  • 10.6% Latino-Hispanic
  • 3.7% Asian-Pacific Islander
  • 0.8% Native American

Now, if you simply compare those numbers, it only really seems like Latino/as are considerably underrepresented, if you’re broadly looking at the numbers (and assuming the US population breakdown hasn’t changed much in the last decade). Of course, the overall numbers actually fail to tell the whole picture, because there is no breakdown between the types of roles filled. As background comprises of a large number of actors, does this breakdown include background? How does the breakdown look when you examine supporting actors and leading actors? Recurring actors on television?TheTVAddict.com, upon discovering NBC’s new slogan of “More Colorful” was compelled to create this poster:

Now, to be fair, most NBC shows actually do feature one actor of color somewhere in the regular cast, but how many actors in mainstream film and television actually get top billing? How many actors of color are A-listers? Try counting the number of actors of color in The Hollywood Reporter’s list of bankable stars or James Ulmer’s A-list.

Of the actors in the breakdown, how many, by race, can earn a living from their actor’s wages? How many get steady work?

I have the strong suspicion that we’re going to find that the numbers align less with the census the higher we climb the casting tower.

While I appreciate the attempts from the industry to include more characters and actors of color in mainstream film and television, overall, the industry still a participant in systemic racism. There is still a strong and notable imbalance in representation in the top tiers of casting.

In my next segment I’ll be looking into how mainstream film and television deal with the problem of diversity (alluded to in this segment) as well as how mainstream film can maintain cinematic verisimilitude, cast white actors for character of color and not resort to colorface at all.

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Trackbacks & Pings

  1. This Week in Diversity: A Miscellany « the open book on 13 Nov 2009 at 4:10 pm

    [...] Ah, Hollywood, will you never stop provoking discussion on race in casting? Not this week, certainly. Racialicious looks at the Screen Actor’s Guild’s annual diversity research and explains why the state of minorities in major acting roles is worse than the numbers suggest. [...]

  2. Casting Race, Part 2.5: a Representative Interlude … « halloweenwitch on 19 Nov 2009 at 5:48 pm

    [...] I heard recently that some group is awarding Glee with a diversity award, and this post echoes my thoughts about it – did the group giving this award even WATCH the show to see how the diverse cast members are USED? … There are a few SAG extras…but most of the extras non-SAG folks getting minimum wage (and yummy free food). And I can say from my time working as an extra, that extra casting directors do really want to have diverse background actors…at least in the …Continue Reading… [...]

Comments

  1. Peter wrote:

    Great points. I’d like to mention something only tangential to the point of this article though.

    Caucasian is an obsolete term. The other half of its pair is negro. African American is insufficient as it describes only American descendants of Africa, like for example Charlize Theron, but leaves out people of color from the Caribbean or South America. Now the opposite alternative to African American is Black, but that terms shuts out anyone on the fairer side of Sidney Poitier.

    I bring all this up not because I have any intelligent point, but I just find it fascinating. Any time someone brings up an argument citing demographic statistics, some bezoar like me can bring into doubt the foundings of said statistic and then you have to spend an hour explaining methods and nomenclature.

    Apologies.

  2. Matt wrote:

    I don’t recognize everyone, but I don’t think there’s a single Jew in the pictures, either. (Zachary Levi, bottom left, is definitely not Jewish.) Just one more minority missing, even though we supposedly “control” Hollywood.

  3. ashlynn wrote:

    That poster is painfully accurate. Whenever I see ads for new shows, I can’t help but to think of all the PoC actors who were turned down- if they even had an opportunity to attend casting.

  4. TheDiversePurse wrote:

    Nice article. I personally can’t stand stats because it puts humans in petite, categorical boxes when identity doesn’t work that way. And who decides who’s in what category?
    Take the “Asian-Pacific Islander” category. Why are Polynesians (which I’m pretty sure is what they meant under the PI tag) grouped this way? If they were to actually separate Asian actors from Polynesians, representation of Polynesians would surely be closer to that of the “Native American” group.
    Yes, it’s no surprise that Hollywood is shallow and most of their casting is due to visceral and archaic standards, but I wish they would just get a clue and realize what year it is.

  5. leia wrote:

    @matt aren’t there jewish writers for alot of shows out there? though i do see what you mean, but i thought the post was about POC actors…

  6. Shawn wrote:

    I was just pointing out to a friend that the best way to tell where things stand is by the people in the promo’s and print ads for shows. The fact that very few such items have POC tells you a lot. And you have to wonder how much blame for this comes from POC being given leads in badly written dramas, then when ratings don’t materialize the conventional wisdom is it failed because white people don’t want to watch folks that don’t look like them.

    Has anyone else noticed how often the writing in shows emphasises the race of the POC character, but not the majority characters. Why can’t they just be the character, who happens to be a POC?

  7. Brooke wrote:

    I heard recently that some group is awarding Glee with a diversity award, and this post echoes my thoughts about it – did the group giving this award even WATCH the show to see how the diverse cast members are USED? Sure, they EXIST, but they’re stereotypes, and they’re supporting players who aren’t given much of a role. Despite their presence, Glee is still a show about white people. Giving it an award for diversity is painful and insulting.

  8. Grapefruit wrote:

    But everyone in Hollywood voted Obama, so their conscience is clear.

    Brooke,
    I agree with this assessment of Glee. But it makes me wonder which current show does deserve a diversity award. Nothing really comes to mind, and that’s depressing.

    *sighs* Earlier this year, I even wrote to NBC about this (most specifically trends on Heroes) but I doubt that e-mail was even read. The “more colorful” ad campaign was announced not too long afterwards.

  9. m. wrote:

    @TheDiversePurse:
    I was just going to comment on the lumping together of two very different groups (Pacific Islanders and Asians). This really needs to stop. Pacific peoples counted as their own group (of which they are) would reveal that pretty much that entire 3.7% is Asian. There are fewer PIs than Native people (even if Micronesians and Melanesians were included), on the whole. It’s pathetic. Statistics are difficult enough for me to look at, I don’t need to be reminded that outsiders think Indigenous people don’t exist or belong lumped in with other races.

  10. refresh_daemon wrote:

    I didn’t mention it in the post because it doesn’t relate to race, but women are sorely underrepresented in casting as well. I imagine if you break out the casting by race and sex and then across type of role, you’d find even more disappointing results.

  11. Matt wrote:

    @leia: sure there are Jewish writers. And producers and directors and even studio heads. And at times we get lots of characters coded as Jewish on sitcoms (not necessarily positive depictions!), but not dramas. Definitely not action shows — like the police guy top left or the super-Aryan in uniform in the bottom collage. Never really leading men. Try Ross from Friends. And often, especially when sitcoms are out of fashion, there’s even a shocking lack of Jewish actors.

    One thing, though, Jews are never counted as a category. The reason is as complicated as everything else about Jewish oppression, but it irks me.

    As for this thread being about POC, well, Jews are an ethnic minority with a long history of being racialized. (And not all of us are white, anyway.) Please, don’t be too rigid about the idea of color.

  12. Jadey wrote:

    @ refresh_daemon

    A year or so ago I tried to come up with a list of TV shows where the major central protagonist was a WOC. It was depressingly short (only4 were ones I thought of — most of the list came from asking a bunch of people).

    The best I have done so far:

    1. Betty Suarez in Ugly Betty (played by America Ferrera)
    2. Precious Ramotswe in The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency (played by Jill Scott)
    3. Dora in Dora the Explorer (voiced by Kathleen Herles and Caitlin Sanchez)
    4. Moesha Mitchell in Moesha (played by Brandy Norwood)
    5. Raven Baxter in That’s So Raven (played by Raven-Symoné)
    6. Denise Huxtable in A Different World (played by Lisa Bonet)
    7. Margaret Kim in All-American Girl (played by Margaret Cho)
    8. Lilo in Lilo & Stitch: The Series (voiced by Daveigh Chase, who is not a woman of colour herself)
    9. Sydney Fox in Relic Hunter (played by Tia Carrere)
    10. Shelby Woo in The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo (played by Irene Ng)
    11. Heaven in Samurai Girl (played by Jamie Chung; listed as a film, but it’s six hours long!)
    12. Christina Hawthorne in Hawthorne (played by Jada Pinkett-Smith)
    13. Wendy Watson (?) in The Middleman (played by Natalie Morales)
    14. ??

    (Obviously not counting TV shows produced in countries not dominated by white people.)

  13. trooper6 wrote:

    The majority of background actors are not members of SAG, so I don’t think they’d count in the SAG statistics. There are a few SAG extras…but most of the extras non-SAG folks getting minimum wage (and yummy free food). And I can say from my time working as an extra, that extra casting directors do really want to have diverse background actors…at least in the background.

    Oh…other thing to note. There is another actors union out there…that is AFTRA (American Federation of Television and Radio Artists). AFTRA tends to cover daytime TV–things on video rather than film. But the Bernie Mac Show was an AFTRA show.

    I’d be curious to see what the AFTRA stats are…or if the SAG stats include AFTRA shows.

  14. Tamara wrote:

    I sigh deeply when I see a new show where the cast is lily white. I mean, really, WHY NOT have black folk or other persons of color in PROMINENT roles? WE EXIST! There IS a Black middle class as well as upper class. We come in so many flavors.

    But they’d rather keep with the status quo. Have shows like Vampire Diaries with one singular p.o.c. (that I recall) and with her I had to do a double take to make sure she was a p.o.c. And she’s in a secondary role. Why can’t she be the main chick that both vamp-brothers fawn over?

    Some shows “HEROES” would rather push dry, YT women in lead roles when the role could be better portrayed (or exhibited) by a sista! I mean, Christian had hella fun with Michelle Landau on Nip Tuck. And guess what? That right there proved that black women watch that show and would continue to support it had they not bumped her character. LIkewise, One Life to Live (a soap, but it still counts) is chock full of YT and the Latino in the show held minimal status until recently. Now there’s a re-emergence of Black folk and to be truthful I think they’re either Black Cuban or Latino or all Latino portraying Black or something. Todd Manning’s character was further enhanced by character Evangeline WIlliamson. The dynamic between those two (even before their relationship became sexual) was off the chain! Yet the fans booed and cried and now there’s no more Evangeline and Todd sucks ass and is back with either of his three ‘blah’ women: Marty, Tea and Blair. I stopped watching after they done Evangeline wrong. Screw them.

    My point is that we watch these shows; we should show further hellacious support if we’re seeing ourselves reflected more prominently! HEROES damn you HEROES I love you but still HEROES. The Deveaux family could’ve been great! If anything, Kring could’ve linked Simone and Charles (shoutout to Richard Rountree) back to Dominique Devereaux from Dynasty fame. WHy? I don’t know why. It’s just Deveaux and Devereaux are similar and I had a bit of a brainfart so I typed it out so there! LOL.

    Seriously, Heroes these days is just a slap in the face as far as image and diversity (and to a certain extent plot…though I’m holding on; the past couple eppys have been good) and race and such. They’ve severely fallen off from what they used to be. And what are we left with? The Bennetts and the Petrellis. White and mo’ white. Even “the Haitain” remains unnamed and poor Mohinder, where in the fluck did they drop him off at?

    /end rant :lol:

  15. Grapefruit wrote:

    Tamara,
    Mohinder is dead. They revealed it last week by showing him dead on the ground. He has been dead for eight weeks, none of his “friends” noticed, in fact Matt only acknowledged his existence when he phoned him asking for hep with his problem. Supposedly, Samuel killed Mohinder by accident and is now trying to blackmail Hiro to fix it. I’m not sure if that’s what it is, because I find it mindboggling that Hiro, whose life Mohinder saved and who is a friendly acquaintance of his, would have to be blackmailed into saving Mohinder. Of course, it could just be proof that the writers consider Mohinder to be nothing but a plot device. How shocking, that.

    And this story has clearly been mishandled. If his friends, like Matt or Peter, had acted as if Mohinder was actually missing and they were worried, it would have worked, but the complete silence only made viewers assume that the actor had been let go, like actors of colour are often let go from Heroes, without notice, without wrapping up or acknowledging that they ever existed. They didn’t even have scenes with him in the opening montage, nothing in the promo, and have been avoiding all questions regarding him, like they have a guilty conscience – which they should have.
    Just failure all around.

  16. Medusa wrote:

    Jadey, you’re right. That list is pretty sad, considering that most of them on that list aren’t on the air. I also noticed that Nickelodeon does a pretty good job of presenting diverse characters.

    Also, I’d like to throw out Bones as an addition. That show is cheesy as fuck, but they have a mixed race Asian! And she’s not suffering from identity crisis. And a black woman! And she’s the boss!

  17. beatrice2000 wrote:

    Last night I watched TV with my mom in the room, and would watch reruns of The Cosby Show and Everybody Hates Chris while channel-surfing. This morning, since I’m home sick, I flipped through channels and was watching a rerun of Good Times. My mom came in and said that I was “really into the black shows” and joked if I would bring home a black husband (I’m white). I knew she was joking, but was uncomfortable that she thought it seemed so unusual for me to watch sitcoms with predominantly black casts, yet shows with white leads/casts are the media norm and not questioned.

  18. Lola wrote:

    It is sad that Nickelodeon and Disney channel do a better job at diversity than the other networks.

    Also enjoy Bones for their cast of intelligent, sexual diverse women.

  19. Lola wrote:

    FYI: they finally gave The Haitian a name. Claire called him Renee. Why it had to be Claire instead of HRG who was his partner and should have known his name we will never know.

  20. Jadey wrote:

    @ Medusa,

    I can’t remember the character’s name on Bones that you’re referring to (only watched a couple of eps), but I remember thinking how awesome she was (didn’t get into the show though). But one of the restrictions I wanted my list to meet was that the character be the *main* protagonist. Even big ensemble casts tend to have one (sometimes two) characters who stand out and who the show (not just an episode or three) is centered around; the Dr. Houses and Captain Kirks and Buffy Summers, etc. The person in the middle of the picture of the DVD set! Now, if the eponymous Bones were a WOC… I’m still torn over whether to include Elisa Maza from Gargoyles! She’s the main *human* character, at least.

    Working on the list was a study in disappointment in that regard. There are some really good WOC characters out there, but precious few Precious Ramotswes.

  21. Jadey wrote:

    Oh, and I was going to say…

    Something I’ve noticed is that sometimes POC (men and women, and white women too) are cast in the “boss” or the “team leader” role, but usually only when the show is actually about the team renegade who’s breaking the rules to do his (usually his) own thing (usually because the person in “charge” is too rule-bound and unimaginative), and actually driving the plotlines. Seems to me like a way to put non-white non-male characters in nominally agentic roles without actually dedicating the show to them. TV producers just don’t want to back shows driven by non-white, non-male (and non- a lot of other things) characters. I think with movies it’s different, because there’s less competition for viewers and you only have to get someone to watch (or buy) a movie once, rather than tuning in every week.

  22. Jay wrote:

    Also, I’d like to throw out Bones as an addition. That show is cheesy as fuck, but they have a mixed race Asian! And she’s not suffering from identity crisis. And a black woman! And she’s the boss!

    You mean Angela and Cam? I find it either funny or depressing that Angela has all the signs of being an electronics geek but they don’t portray her as such (she is an artsy electronics geek though)

    As for Cam… they’ve gotten better at portraying her sympathetically now then when she started.

  23. Meg wrote:

    @Jadey & Medusa – I’ll out myself as a fan of Bones, the character is Angela and although never (?) a plot point it has been noted that she’s mixed race. Only race comment i can recall is when someone asked her to translate chinese since she was ‘half chinese’, retort was something along the lines of ‘well you’re half swedish, can you speak swedish?’. Given the general lack of diversity i see on tv (if you think american tv is bad you should see australia) that small interaction has stuck in my mind.

  24. Crys T wrote:

    I was going to mention Avery Brooks as Captain Sisko on Deep Space Nine, but then realised it’s been off the air for an entire decade! Pretty sad commentary when you have to reach back that far to find a programme with a POC as a protagonist with authority.

    @Matt Again, after thinking about it, I could only come up with one example. But at least this one’s current! On Numb3rs: David Krumholtz may be the stereotypical nerdy math genius guy, but Rob Morrow is the action-man FBI agent. And the characters they play are also explicitly Jewish.

  25. Tamara wrote:

    @ Grapefruit and Lola,

    Thanks for the info on Mohinder and “Renee”…*side-eyes that name* I weep and moan for the state of my show. And I cherish the day, the days season 1 of “Heroes” aired.

    Oh and I found out, rather the rumor was confirmed true; Adrian Pasdar is ‘out’. Ergo, Nathan Petrelli will “really die” this time around. :(

  26. Grapefruit wrote:

    OK, I woke up to this bullshit minutes ago. Last week, Tim Kring’s assistent, Jim Martin, posted a rather whiny rant to his tumblr where he complained about how people could possibly dislike his boss, Tim Kring, and say bad things about him, etc.

    Naturally, he received some 60 comments, mostly from people explaining their issues with Heroes.

    He just replied to a comment that addressed racism and sexism on the show. What he said:

    “If you think that Racism and Sexism are thematically integrated in HEROES then you may want to check your intelligence before worrying about it being insulted.”

    http://barelysarcasm.tumblr.com/post/232413768/re-heroes-tim-kring

    So there you have it… if you have a problem with the show becoming whiter and whiter and the women being used, abused and murdered… you’re stupid.

  27. Medusa wrote:

    Jadey- yeah you’re right, both of those characters are in support of the really white male and female leads. In this regard it seems to me that British TV may be the way to go, as I can think of a couple shows that have at least black protagonists on shows that aren’t necessarily “black”, but I don’t know how good the representation is over other races.

    Jay-do you mean that Angela should be portrayed as a geek? Re: Cam- agreed. When she was first introduced, I thought “oh shit, a bitchy black woman.” She’s gotten a lot better.

  28. cocolamala wrote:

    @jadey

    “I’m still torn over whether to include Elisa Maza from Gargoyles”

    I include her on my list. I spied her brown skinned, curly haired brother on one episode. They may be afro-latin@?

  29. cocolamala wrote:

    …more accurately, Wikipedia lists the Maza siblings as being african american (of nigerian descent) and native american.

  30. Matt wrote:

    Thanks, Crys T. I watched one or two episodes of Numb3rs and didn’t like it, so I had no idea they took this turn. I think my (non-Jewish) father likes it, so I might ask him. Anyway, I googled, and here’s an interesting article. Even there, though, it’s described as:

    In “Numb3rs,” Morrow plays an even more unusual Jewish fish-out-of-water: FBI agent Don Eppes, who solves crimes…

  31. Crys T wrote:

    @Mark: yeah, it’s not a brilliant show. I just like David Krumholtz & Judd Hirsch.

    Actually, after writing that comment last night, I Googled a bit & discovered that apparently Morrow had to push to make the characters explicitly Jewish, even though all 3 lead actors, who are playing a family, are Jewish. Sad state of affairs in TV land.

  32. petitfour wrote:

    The kids shows are knocking it out the ballpark when it comes to having POC lead roles. I’m thinking of Corey in the House, True Jackson VP, ICarly, Wizards of Waverly Place, and Sonny with a Chance.
    Damn, I need to spend less time with a five year old!

  33. petitfour wrote:

    Also, one of the three main characters on Eastwick on ABC is a biracial Asian woman.

  34. Jay wrote:

    do you mean that Angela should be portrayed as a geek?

    I don’t mean in the sense that she should look like a stereotypical geek, but I think they emphasize the hippie artsy side of her character when it’s fairly clear that she’s a genius with digital technology and imaging – but she doesn’t talk about it at all!

  35. Crys T wrote:

    @petitfour: Hm, maybe that means that when these kids grow up, they’ll see diversity on screen as normal and desirable?

  36. scp wrote:

    I’m in Australia, so I don’t know a lot of these shows. We don’t produce many local TV shows. The “biggest” commercial TV show we have is a teen soap called Home and Away. In the 90s, when I was a teen, there seemed to be a bit more racial diversity – then for the past decade or more, everyone would meet the criteria for the Nazi youth. Though more recently, they introduced a a teenage boy who is a person of colour and now they’ve got a kid who is the son of an “illegal immigrant”. The show is supposedly set in a coastal town. I live in a similar town and there’s a dearth of people of colour.
    Then there are TV shows on SBS (special broadcasting channel) that started off as “multicultural television”. In these shows, everyone is a person of colour. However, this is not a commercial TV station – even though they’ve started showing ads recently to raise revenue.
    The runner-up for our Master Chef was a Chinese-Australian. She’s got her own cooking show on ABC (= BBC/PBS?). The winner goes on the commercial stations – and on shows that target her demographic – middle aged/aspiring middle class-middle class, white woman.

    Most of our TV shows are from America, so what happens in America affects us.

  37. Sabina wrote:

    A few here mentioned the show numb3rs. I had to stop watching the show because I just couldn’t stomach the overt and subtle sexism anymore. I am a women of color though not American and just like subtle racism is not OK, subtle sexism is not ok with me either.

    The show numb3rs has been both overtly and subtly sexist.

    I mean it is not right that there are not more jewish characters in television shows, but if this show had anti-semitism (subtle or overt) there would be an outroar but the sexism is allowed to continue.

    It really dissapointed me because I really like the family dynamic of the two brothers but could no longer stomach the sexism so I have stopped watching. I should have stopped watching a long time ago.

    I mean there is even a scene where Morrow’s character makes a sex based joke to his own girlfriend in the show. This was just one of the many subtle sexist scenes in the show. Now tell me do you think Morrow’s character would tolreate any of his friends or colleagues in the FBI making an anti-semitic based joke. Men are not the sex class so there is no equivalent of the sex based joke Morrow’s character made for men.

    Sorry for the typos, I am pissed off from being driven away from another show because I can’t support shows that support sexism and this was one show I was so hoping would not support sexism. But considering hollywood I should know better.

  38. Scribe wrote:

    I worked on a research paper about this in college in 2003. Going forward six years, the image on television has grown even more homogenous. There is only one black show on television, yet its facing cancellation due to low ratings. The CW managed to purge its remaining black comedy shows in favor of this whole drama format. I know there are many fans of this show, but I have not seen Grey’s Anatomy hire a single person of color as a regular since Isaiah Washington’s depature. And yes, of course, there have been several shows where the minority character was either killed off or departed over whatever. With all of this being put into account, the entertainment industry has done a huge disservice to people of color in the business and to the average viewer who remain loyal to these networks. In return, it creates disappointment to the point discouragement.

  39. Soulshake wrote:

    I would definitely consider Salli Richardson’s character “Alison” from Eureka as the leading women on the show. I am not a sci-fi fan, but I enjoy watching the show because not only is Alison a very successful and intelligent character, she actually has real love interests and is a mother. Wow what a concept.

    Also, Sonia on the new show Mercy is definitely shown as a very strong lead with a love interest.

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