When to Confront a Stranger: A Question of Authority

by Special Correspondent Nadra Kareem

The odd thing about the word “nigger” for me is that as much debate as I’ve heard about the term, my exposure to it in adulthood is fairly limited. I grew up in the Chicago area in a mostly African American family, but a few of my black relatives, all transplants from the South, insisted on complaining about “no-good niggers” and such, despite the fact that I took issue with their use of the word.

Now, as a grown woman who lives far from family and far from the inner-city (the other place where I’ve often heard the word spoken), I’m most likely to hear “nigger” in a rap song or a film than I am in person. That’s why during a recent visit to a Target in an L.A. neighborhood where the upwardly mobile clientele likely dub the store “Tar-zhay,” I froze when I heard a voice cry out, “It’s over there, nigger!”

After stopping in my tracks, two things struck me: the voice belonged to a female and the female in question was probably not black. I looked around, trying to link the voice to a person and spot anyone else who had overheard, but the sleepwear/underwear section was totally empty. A moment later, though, the owner of the voice surfaced, along with a companion. Both were young, giggly Latinas. When I spotted the girls, I relaxed just a little, figuring that they meant no harm, that they were probably just high school students trying to be “down.” Still, I wanted to tell the girls that they shouldn’t address each other as “nigger.” Instead, I said nothing. Who am I to tell a stranger what she can or cannot say? It didn’t help matters that I had been raised to not make trouble, to mind my own business.

Then, one of the girls approached me to ask a question about bra sizes, and I still said nothing. Everything seemed to happen so quickly, and, as the scene unfolded, I found myself struggling to find the appropriate tack to take. Should I have lectured the girls about how offensive the term was? Should I have told them simply not to use the word in public? Or should I have asked them how they had come to use the word so casually and what the word represented to them? In the end, I remained silent and am now feeling more than a little guilty about being so slow on the uptake that I let a possible teachable moment slip by. My significant other asked me what it would have taken to get me to speak out, and I answered that I probably would have said something had young children or elderly black people been around.

More than a week after my encounter with the girls, I am flooded with questions. Had the two teens been black would I have even contemplated lecturing them, even though I disagree with the use of the word in such a fashion? I don’t belong to the ilk who believes that black people have a “right” to call each other “nigger,” but I know that I would not have had the same reaction had I seen two young black girls address each other as such. Would it have bothered me? Yes, but not enough for me to contemplate confronting them. On the flipside, had the two teens been white, my anger probably would have made me unhesitant to confront them.

In the aftermath of this encounter, I mostly wonder about authority. Do strangers have the authority to “correct” strangers when they’re saying something that’s outright offensive? And how do factors of age, gender, race, etc., factor into this authority?

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Comments

  1. simcha wrote:

    Thanks for sharing this. I had the same experience on the D.C.’s Metro subway system last week when I encountered a bunch of teens shouting, swinging off the hand rails, cursing and using the n-word, which to me seems to happen often, no matter what color the kids are. The ringleader was a 15-year-old girl, who looked like she was really a bully the other kids. I tapped her on the shoulder, calmly, to ask if she knew that she was disrespecting everyone, including herself, by showing out. After a few tense minutes of staring, she apologized, and later came to sit near me and one of the other kids. I shook her hand and told her that I wasn’t trying to disrespect her in front of her friends. She opened up some, and we talked before I left the train. Don’t know if she’ll carry this experience with her, but I will.

    That said, I really think it’s up to you and your level of comfort about “confronting” someone, especially a younger person, about their behavior. Like you, I grew up in a predominately black, urban Midwestern environment. Plenty of brothers and sisters used the n-gg-r to describe other black people they felt were “problematic” and “trifling,” like in the Chris Rock way, but it certainly wasn’t encouraged in my house. The older I get (I’m 32), the more I realize how much self-hate is infused into the term when its used in that way, and I’m now deprogramming myself and hope to do so with others. On the real though, I still gotta decide what I’ll do with some of the Hip Hop music I love. I know some artists prepared their tracks with love and embraced the word as a term of endearment. Others, not so much.

  2. Paul wrote:

    Public shame and shunning need to make a comeback in the US. Whether someone uses a racial slur, talks to loudly on a cellphone, or uses profanity in front of children, we as courteous Americans need to point this out. The public square should be a courteous place, not a place dominated by the rude and crude. If more people stood up and offered opprobrium to these louts, then the world would be a better place.

  3. cosmicsistren wrote:

    @simcha - I applaud you for what you did on the subway. Sometimes I want to say something to the rowdy kids I see on the subway or on the street. One time I was walking to work and I heard this little boy yelling at this older woman and her daughter. He was calling her all sorts of bit@hes. It made me so angry but I didn’t say anything….glad you had the courage to say something to that young girl.

  4. Slush wrote:

    I used to live in Boston where I thought there was an awful lot of people who felt entitled to tell other strangers how to act on the street, and that is exactly what it seemed like - a sense of entitlement and righteousness that wasn’t necessarily justified. Granted I don’t remember those incidents being about use of appropriate language in public, but about driving, where people are waiting, who uses the sidewalk or crosswalk, what volume people talk to each other, etc.

    I think the very real risk that deters people from correcting others is the chance that they are entirely misunderstanding what that person is doing or trying to do. To assume from 10 seconds that you know where someone is coming from or what they’re in the middle of at a particular moment takes a lot of assertiveness and maybe arrogance. There’s a good chance you’re wrong, and the results can be pretty negative.

    I don’t mean to criticize simcha above at all - it seems like that was an instance that was the right choice and worked out really well (like you said, hard to know if the young girl remembers the incident as much as you do, but I would bet it made an impression).

    On the other hand, that part of culture which says ‘tolerate the way other people do things and don’t correct them in public’ falls into the ’silence is consent’ problem.

    And when you’re talking about language and slurs, the perpetration may be widespread, but the injuries caused by them are way off balance. It is overwhelmingly women and racial minorities who bear the brunt of society’s pallet of epithets. (Which is why they’re not recognized as an injury by the legal system, but that’s a whole different discussion). So if we don’t speak up to correct and curb that kind of language and behavior, that’s who bears most of the cost.

  5. gatamala wrote:

    I co-sign with Paul & Simcha. I have gotten to the age where I can look dead at kids on the DC Metro sans smile and let them know their foul behavior is not ok. I have seen older black folks tell kids how “not cute” it is to talk like that (n-) on the train.

    Strangers do have authority for the reasons that Paul has stated. This is part of being a “community”.

    Age is the biggest factor in this. Most kids who act a fool will calm down once an adult expresses disapproval. Grown ups don’ t need to yell or get in their face. Sometimes explaining to them how offensive their behavior is and how it looks like a lack of hometraining does the trick.

    As for the girls at Target….I would have calmly asked them, “what did you say?” That puts the burden on them of taking the risk of repeating that word.

    The word makes me cringe now. I used to be able to deal with it coming from blacks. I have had white folks call me that. One barely escaped my grasp. I’m from NC and nobody gets a pass from me on that one…not Latins, nobody. N~ is a fightin’ word.

  6. Viraj wrote:

    In my experience, if you approach people when talking about anything related to social justice, they respond more positively if it is approached as a teaching moment as opposed to an opportunity for “public shame”, as Paul put it. Often, as was probably the case with the young girls you met, they know on some level that the language they are using was wrong, but they probably don’t know why. To embarrass them would have been to shut them down- to keep them from ever even wanting to talk or think about race in the future. They simply would have become more careful about using the word, not stopped altogether- you can see this with many people who have felt what is commonly known as “white guilt”.

    By educating instead of “shaming”, they would not only stop using the word, but also (ideally) start to educate their own peers about the usage of the term…

    and, ultimately, its a lot easier to address the issue with people you don’t know versus people you do. I say go for it, next time…I’d love to hear about how you address it. It’s definitely one of the hardest choices to make, but I think you, as well as your readers, will learn a lot from the experiences.

    Thanks for sharing!

  7. CVT wrote:

    I would like to respectfully disagree (somewhat) with Paul on this one.

    The issue with confronting strangers (especially kids) on these kinds of things is the chance of making it worse. If it’s a relatively private setting (like the situation at Target), I think it can definitely be educational for all involved.

    However, the minute it happens in a more public setting, there’s the chance of things escalating, due to the audience (a feeling of not wanting to back down). Obviously, it depends how it’s handled, but if you go into thinking of people as “rude, crude louts” that you want to shame, it’s likely to come out in the tone and escalate the issue (possibly making it MORE likely for similar behavior in the future).

    However, if it’s an honest attempt at education, and you bring it with the same respect you’re asking for - it can be a benefit (and then the other person is more likely to listen).

    Trust me, I’m a teacher, and it’s exactly the high-horse style of handing out JUDGEMENT (as opposed to explanation) in our public schools that keeps students that “act out” from figuring it out. Sure - tell them it’s inappropriate, but with a full explanation as to WHY that’s the case, and with the assumption that they are worthy of respect, as well.

  8. kiki wrote:

    I don’t belong to the ilk who believes that black people have a “right” to call each other “nigger,” but I know that I would not have had the same reaction had I seen two young black girls address each other as such.

    My daughter’s best friend is mixed and looks “Latina” but self identifies as black. If your reaction is going to vary based on the race of the individual, how do you judge who will raise your ire and who gets a pass in this situation? In my community there are many mixed children and I would never presume to label them based on my assumptions.

  9. dave wrote:

    kiki, i’m glad you mentioned that. not to mention very light skinned folks who might not cognitively register as black. that’s def the danger.

    either way, using the “n word” is so charged, and in a peculiar way. its effed up that people can’t say the word when we’re TALKING about it. i’m a gay guy and when i talk about the word faggot, i say the word faggot.

    but the n word makes some people so upset … they call it “that word” instead of what it is. and that lends it a sort of power beyond the six letters. that’s why i don’t want to condemn hip hop heads using it in lyrics, because sometimes they’re talking about it (rather than just using it). and that’s why i’m still not sure how i feel about nas’s album’s title getting changed.

    there’s a dialogue not being had because people are afraid to say the word. obviously the “reclamation” of slurs is double-edged, but i’m just saying.

  10. Natalie wrote:

    I’m very happy to have a found this thread.

    I have had the same sort of experiences on buses, subways, waiting in line at various venues and I have always wanted to correct the offender but with me being a hothead, it was always difficult to find the right wording when confronting the person so I just simply relied on” the evil eye” tactic. Now I feel better prepared if I am ever placed in such a situation again.

    Also, its not just limited to the younger generation utilizing the word “nigger”. I’ve stumbled upon instances when guys who call themselves “boys” address each other in such a derogatory manner.

  11. Paul wrote:

    I used shaming and shunning as opposed to educating because I believe that people who use ethnic/religious/gender/sexual identity slurs know what they are doing is ill-mannered an hateful. They choose to behave in the manner they do because they think that it makes them cool, edgy, tough, etc.. If we humilate them rather than cower in fear, then such behavior loses its cool cache.

  12. YamYam wrote:

    I would never correct someone on the street for the use of the n-word for two reasons. First, language is a personal thing; words are your own and unless you are dealing with them in a personal way it is disrespectful to engage someone to have them change their own language, passing judgment on to them. Second, even though the situation described turned out to be positive (I personally never use the n-word, even friendly) and was heartfelt and instructive, if you try the same approach on the wrong person, who doesn’t like you on sight, you will have beef when you try to correct them.

    The word has a different context depending where you live. If you live in the hood you see younger Latinos using it just as much as young Blacks, and sometimes each to the other; you can’t define it historically in a moral context: it’s already become cultural. It’s used in anger, in joy, humor and sometimes just mindlessly affixed to the end of every sentence.

    Also I’m Latino, but I’ve had other Black people call me by the n-word, friendly like. I never say it back because I believe in it’s historical basis of oppression, but people other than me don’t care about history. I know I won’t be called a racist for using it, but I don’t like being complicit to white hate.

  13. Renee wrote:

    Nigger is an unacceptable word no matter who uses it. It inflames my mind when I hear it spoken. In fact when I hear black people saying it enrages me even more, as it is evidence of a colonized mind. There is not “owning” or re appropriating this word. It has historically stood for hate and will continue to do so.
    When we remain silent when people use hate language in essence we are tacitly stating our approval of it. It allows them to believe that what they said offended no one and so they will continue to use hate language. Openly challenging them will cause them to think about their choice of words, before uttering this kind of filth. The only way to eradicate racism is to speak against it continually. It may be tiresome and change may come slowly but it will never come if we sit in silence.

  14. SerenityNow wrote:

    @simcha-
    It’s good that you took action when many others (probably myself) would just look at their shoes and feel bad for a long time afterwards. Also sounds like it worked out well.

    But at the same time, I think it’s highly situation-specific. Like @slush notes, I think many people would be concerned about the possible reaction, especially of a group of rowdy kids. About a year ago I was on a car when an older man asked the group of kids to pipe down the bad language, and they attacked him.

    Sadly, in the alternative, despite metro’s pleas for community co-policing (”when you SEE something out of the ordinary on metro-bus or metro-rail…”) when ever I’ve alerted metro personnel to kids being out of control, they all but ignore me.

  15. gatamala wrote:

    I would never correct someone on the street for the use of the n-word for two reasons. First, language is a personal thing; words are your own and unless you are dealing with them in a personal way it is disrespectful to engage someone to have them change their own language, passing judgment on to them.

    I have to disagree. Using that word in public is not personal, it is a public matter.

  16. Joseph wrote:

    I was crossing the street a year or so ago in my neighborhood and a big group of boys behind me were horsing around and one greeted another one with “wassup Nigger?”

    I turned around and…they were all white.

    They weren’t talking to me (I’m a fair-skinned Arab guy and I don’t get usually get randomly hassled on the street like that). And they weren’t directing it at anyone else–there was no one else near and although there are multiple brown populations in my neighborhood there are few African Americans.

    They were talking to each other. And it wasn’t meant as a slur. In fact, there wasn’t any echo of rancor in it–like when boys call each other “bitch” as a goad or call something they don’t like “gay”–they were rowdy but they were friends and they were using “nigger” the same way young black guys do–to say “hello, we are the same.”

    I never got as far as wondering how to approach them because I was so dumbfounded I couldn’t have said anything if I tried.

    Am I too old to understand this? Do young white kids hear this word used in pop culture so much that they are tapping into a shade of meaning that older white people never would–the friendlier peer-to-peer use of it?

    And if they are… is that a good thing or a bad thing?

  17. no one wrote:

    Great article and discussion. Just thought I’d point out some of the age stuff I’ve noticed going on… it’s interesting how most of the incidents have been about addressing young people (often referred to as kids…but potentially teens? young adults?). Is it much harder to think about addressing older folks in public? Why is that? Why do we so often think of “rowdy kids?” Just interesting to think about. As someone who works with young folks, just thought I’d point out that they too are thinking about language and how to deal with addressing people when they hear offensive things.

  18. miss girl wrote:

    It’s simple - use your authority when you feel comfortable, don’t when you feel uncomfortable. I would most certainly confront and educate a group of kids age 12 and under if they use inappropriate language - but anyone older? Hell to the no. Two years as a substitute teacher who LOOKS thirteen to begin with taught me that.

  19. YamYam wrote:

    @gatamala:

    It’s only public if you choose to listen to the words being spoken by someone in public honoring them as being public speakers. The strength and capabilities of your own privacy will never be under your own control unless you can decide correctly what constitutes public speech and what constitutes private speech.

    If you heard the n-word disparagingly declared on the news any reaction would be completely forthright, necessary, to enforce social peace and instructive virtue; however, someone who is anonymous, and not speaking directly to you in conversation does not need to be treated the same way. It would be a waste of time because you are intruding on someone else’s privacy, and not even in the same way you would claim they did to you.

    If you can not understand the concept of privacy correctly there is no way you can live peaceably with the law, and moreso no true way you will ever effect it with any true change.

    Words are not public matters, people are. That is something language allows for us, to be just ourselves and our own minds the way we truly are. That is its virtue.

  20. Tina H wrote:

    This is a tough one for me, because I’m white. If I were to hear white kids using the word, I would probably come down on them like a ton of bricks - same with white adults. But my reaction would probably be different if I were to hear African Americans or Latin@s doing it. I have (privileged) authority by virtue of my race and just hitting the Big Four Oh, (gulp!) but I’m not certain how I c/would use that authority as an ally instead of a furtherance of racism.

  21. YamYam wrote:

    @Joseph

    The n-word as I see it being used is a hood thing. It’s a way to be down. Like the same way people used to say daddy-o or cat, or whatnot.

    It’s a question of esthetics. Sure, people could say “dawg” or “holmes” all the time instead of the n-word, but they don’t.

    And besides, this is a Black Western English issue. I can think of how Jamaicans might say countryboy endearingly or sometimes despectively, but nowhere else in the world that I know of, is native slang such a polemic issue with both extreme positive and extreme negative effects.

  22. Paul wrote:

    I think people are missing where nigger comes from and what it really means. Whites have used it, an continue to use it, to dehumanize blacks. To a white person, nigger is the lowest of the low. That’s why you’ll hear the terms “prairie nigger” for Native American and “sand nigger” for Arab. It’s never ok to use such a hate-filled word, no matter what your age, race, or intent. Words have historical meanings and connotations, even if you choose to ignore them.

  23. Rachel wrote:

    I am a white female teacher in an inner-city school full of racial tension. What I never know is how to respond when one (Black or Latino/a) student of mine uses the n-word to another good-naturedly. So far my rather clumsy responses have all been along the lines of “I want to let you know how awful that word sounds to me but I also don’t feel like I have the right to tell you not to use it just because it makes a white person uncomfortable.” Of course I know it makes other people uncomfortable too, especially other students of color, but I don’t know how to speak on their behalf without crossing some line that I can’t name but feel like I shouldn’t cross.

  24. Mogs wrote:

    Joseph noted that he heard a group of white guys using the word “nigger” as a friendly greeting. I’ve noticed something both similar and different to Joseph’s observations- that more and more people are using the word as a way to insult someone, regardless of the person’s race. I saw an Asian guy call a white guy “nigger” once when they were arguing. I can’t think of any other specific incidents but I have the feeling I’ve heard non-black people called “nigger” as an insult on more than one occasion. Is it possible that despite this epithet’s history, eventually in a few generations it might become an insult or a greeting almost completely devoid of racial connotations? I’m just wondering, because it seems like this could be a trend.

  25. TKO wrote:

    I recently had a similar experience a few days ago at work and I didn’t know what to do. I work in the medical field and deal with patients all day. One of my coworkers had a patient’s chart in front of her, and the patient’s name was very difficult to pronounce (because it was so long). The name was of Spanish origin, but I had never seen it before. So my coworker calls another coworker to help her with the pronunciation. The lady comes over and pronounces the name without even stuttering, and to be honest, I was quite impressed. It would have been great if she had ended the conversation there, but then, she decided to ask a Hispanic employee if she had pronounced the name correctly. The employee, who speaks Spanish fluently, said she had never seen the name before, and my coworker says (well, practically yells), “YOU cannot pronounce that?!” and then says something to the extent of “I guess I am more Hispanic than you are.” She thought it was funny, but I was a bit taken back. I didn’t say anything, but as the day rolled along, I found myself getting angrier and angrier. I really wanted to say something by the end of the day, but the lady happens to be my boss. More importantly, she is one of those people who thinks that just because she eats samosas and tahini, she is somehow more culturally sensitive than everyone else. I have a feeling that if I’d confronted her, she would have said something that would have made me extremely angry like, “How dare you imply that Im a bigot, I have many hispanic friends and neighbors and I spent two weeks living on an African safari” lol or some stupid bulls*** like that.

    I know this story is kind of off topic, but I like reading yalls post about how you would have resoponded in certain situations. So my question to yall is, what would you have done? Am I blowing this incident out of proportion?

  26. jsb16 wrote:

    I’m a high school teacher, as well, and I’m never sure how to deal with students, in the hall or the classroom, using “nigger” either as a greeting or as an insult. To me (white, well-educated, of well-educated parents), the word stinks of self-hate. It’s not a word that has ever meant anything positive, the way “gay” once meant “happy” and “bitch” is still the proper term for a female dog. Even “faggot” once meant a bundle of kindling. “Nigger”, “nigra”, they’ve never been words not tinged with hate and fear. I have great faith in the ability of language to change to meet the times, but I have trouble imagining the word losing its pejorative connotations in my lifetime.

    Also, I wonder what the other students in the hallways think when they hear one student call another “nigger”. Even when it’s used as a friendly greeting, isn’t it also a reminder that they will never be able to escape being judged by their skin color?

  27. NancyP wrote:

    Rachel, why doesn’t the school have a policy that the n word is not to be used on school grounds by ANYONE.

  28. Slush wrote:

    Sorry this is a little tangential, but I don’t think bitch is still the proper word for a female dog. The dictionary might say so, but the word has been applied to WAY too many women and not enough dogs for that to be a safe usage. Even if you’re obviously referring to a dog, the listener is probably looking at the dog and wondering how that became compared to women in the first place.

    But maybe that’s a useful parallel - a word that used to have meaning unrelated to a slur is now kind of inseparable from it. Nigger has only ever been a slur, so how can it ever really be separated from that history?

    I think it can, but it’s going to take decades or more likely centuries, because that’s more on the time frame that language evolves and changes.

  29. Whitney wrote:

    It really disgusts me that teenagers and other young people alike are being simply so disrespectful. People seem to be lacking common decency more and more.

    I do think that it is beneficial if some kids are called out on their behavior, but sometimes it can get dangerous. You really don’t know how someone will react to your confrontation, and in some cases, it could get offended and even violent. Some people are only out for a fight, and you don’t know who those people are. Angry teenagers come in all shapes, sizes, and colors. It’s really difficult to tell sometimes and when you’re unsure, it’s really best to keep quiet.

  30. Daniel wrote:

    You have just as much right to chastise somebody for using offensive language as they have to use the offensive language in the first place.

    I think they call that free speech.

  31. Hot Tramp wrote:

    My approach, as a white woman, to this sort of thing tends to be falling back on I-statements. I’m not going to tell someone, “Hey, don’t talk that way because it’s wrong.” But I will say, “Hey, I personally feel uncomfortable and upset when I hear people talking that way. You might want to reconsider the language you use in public.” You put yourself on the line with that approach, but you’re also not passing judgment or giving orders or really claiming any authority at all.

  32. no one wrote:

    I just want to say again (perhaps more clearly) that I think it is important that we not group all teens here as the perpetrators. Many folks of all ages use bad language and we should think about how to challenge everyone- not just people we feel we have power over because we are older. There are many young people out there working hard to create safe spaces for themselves and their peers. Thank you jsb16 for thinking about this stuff as so many other high schoolers are. Here is a cool article about some great language work done by young folks: http://www.rethinkingschools.org/archive/21_03/word213.shtml

    Again- thanks for the great discussion! Really enjoying hearing everyone’s thoughts on handling situations!

  33. hank wrote:

    @ Rachel and jsb16 - I know it’s not easy being a teacher, but your situations do seem a little different from these others, of being in public space with strangers. You’ve got authority (or should) with your students. You’re the teacher, and even if kids buck against your rules or fail to internalize your values, that doesn’t mean it’s not worth taking a stand.

    Can you take a stand in your classrooms (even if not the hallways if your schools don’t care) to say that, regardless of what they do at home or in the street, in this classroom, you’re not going to use that word - I know you may not mean it in a bad way, but it’s a word that has been used with hate and violence, and I just do not accept it being used in this classroom.

    It actually seems like ya’ll teachers are in the best position to have kids talk about it - not just the n word but how words and ways of talking can be used to hurt people, and also how different people have different perspectives on those words, and what that means. Like how an “offensive” word is a subjective opinion, obviously from looking at this board or any discussion in the real world–it doesn’t mean that people don’t have reason to be offended, but they should know why and be able to talk about it with others from other POVs.

    I’d love it if my teachers had had that kind of thought-provoking discussion with me and my peers at a young age. Get kids thinking about how much language mean.

  34. hank wrote:

    just want to add, I agree with “no one” about young people and how not everyone thinks the same — trust that all your students have minds that can grapple with these issues, and with the right ground rules can really discuss these things respectfully. peace –

  35. jsb16 wrote:

    Hank,

    You’re right that teachers have influence and should use it to get kids tothink about what they’re saying. I know I try, but… let’s just say that it’s a battle that gets extremely tiring. I don’t think I’ve gone a day this school year without hearing students use all of the slurs I mentioned above, either in my classroom or in the hallways. More than once, when I’ve tried to point out how offensive these words are, I’ve been told to “mind your own business” or that “it’s just a joke,” sometimes iwth bonus expletives. Too many of the students in my school think that “freedom of speech” means that politeness is an outdated notion.

    Then again, I’m old-fashioned enough to think that even a handful is too many, and I have many polite students, too, even if the heat is getting to all of us at this time of year.

  36. Ike wrote:

    To the teachers: Whatever happened to “That is unacceptable school language”? I’ve been told that more than few times during my school days for being overhead while cursing.

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